TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 34, No. 1
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
January-February 1995
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
For this period, specimens were submitted for identification and/or name verification. Added to the herbarium collection were 3 seed collections (for a total of 1,446 seed samples) and 19 mounted specimens (total of 7,134). Some of the samples are described below:
Acalypha alopecuroides Jacq., Euphorbiaceae, rabo de gato, turkey's wattle, cat's-tail: Herbaceous annual, 10-50 cm tall; stem glandular-pubescent, with wide-spreading branches from near base. Leaves alternate; petioles nearly as long as the blade or longer; blade broadly ovate, 3-7 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, prominently 5-nerved, truncate to slightly cordate at base, margins serrate. Inflorescence a dense spike. Staminate spikes axillary, 3-9 mm long. Pistillate spikes terminal or axillary, 5-20 mm long, bracts with bristle-like appendages lobes. A weed of waste areas, open fields, rock flats, and disturbed soils. Found occasionally in South Florida as a weed in nursery liners. Native to Bermuda, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies to Venezuela. Manatee County (B95-001, M. Runnals). (Correll and Correll 1982; Standley and Steyermark 1949a).
Artemisia arborescens L., Compositae, a wormwood: Aromatic perennial to 1 m tall; stems woody at base. Lower leaves 3-pinnately dissected, upper leaves 1-2 pinnately dissected into linear, obtuse segments, silky-hairy on both surfaces. Heads 7 mm in diameter, hemispheric, nodding or erect, in large, leafy panicles, receptacle with long hairs. Flowers bright yellow. Grown as an ornamental and for the medicinal and aromatic qualities. The wormwood used in liqueurs is A. absinthium. Native to the Mediterranean region. Lake County (B95-075, C. Murphy). (Huxley 1992; Bailey 1976).
Calliandra capillata Benth., Leguminosae, white powderpuff: Slender shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m high, glabrous throughout or with sparse hairs on the branches and leaves. Leaves long petiolate, the pinnae 1-3 pairs; leaflets 307 pairs, membranaceous, mostly 1-2 cm long, broadly oblong to broadly obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex. Peduncles axillary, solitary or fasciculate* , very slender, 2-5 cm long or longer; heads rather few flowered; calyx 1-2 mm long; corolla pale green, twice as long as the calyx; stamens numerous, white, 1.5-2 cm long. Used as an ornamental, rare in cultivation. Native to western and southern Mexico, Belize, and El Salvador, probably extending to Costa Rica. Broward County (B95-043, D. Clinton, K. Harris). (Standley and Steyermark 1949b).
Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taubert, Leguminosae, coin vine: A small tree or shrub to about 4 m tall, but usually somewhat scandent, reclining, or trailing. The wide spread branches sparsely brownish-strigillose*. Leaves alternate, unifoliate; petioles stout, pubescent, 5-12 mm long; blades ovate, 6-12 cm long, short-acuminate at apex, rounded to subcordate at base. Flowers white, fragrant, in dense axillary panicles little longer than the petioles; calyx 3-5 mm long, subcampanulate, segments subequal; corolla about 1 cm long; stamens 10, diadelphous*. Legume flat, suborbicular or reniform, commonly one-seeded, 2-3 cm wide, thick and hard. The common name refers to the seed pod. Native to Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Central and South America; also western tropical Africa. Lee County (B95-002, D. Goodwin). (Correll and Correll 1982; Long and Lakela 1971).
Eryngium foetidum L, Umbelliferae, Mexican cilantro, culantro: A biennial herb, with thick, fleshy roots, and when blooming having a smooth stem to 60 cm tall, branched at the top. Foliage has a pungent odor (fetid to some) when bruised. Leaves in a basal rosette, lanceolate to spatulate, 3-27 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, the margins toothed, each tooth tipped with a small yellowish callus tip. Flower tiny, white, in yellowish-green, terminal, cylindrical head 7-11 mm long, and 3-5 mm wide, resembling minute pineapples, each centered in a rosette of 5 to 6 oblong, leaflike bracts to 4 cm long and to 10 mm wide, usually having 3 to 5 pointed lobes and a few teeth. Often cultivated. Introduced into the Old World tropics, and Florida, where it is common in markets catering to Latin Americans. It is a common ingredient in soups and stews in Cuba, Mexico, Central America and Colombia. Native to moist fields and waste places from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, and in the West Indies from Cuba to Trinidad. Hillsborough County (B95-089, K. Macias). (Morton 1981).
Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet & Perr., Crassulaceae, a devil's backbone: Robust perennial to 1 m tall. Stem erect, unbranched. Leaves 15-20 cm long, and 2-3 cm wide, lanceolate, tapering, fleshy, marbled brown-purple beneath, margin with round to pointed teeth, bearing plantlets; petiole to 5 cm long. Inflorescence a loose panicle; flowers pendent; sepals to 10 mm long, fused for half their length; petals violet-gray, tube to 20 mm long, lobes to 8 mm long, spreading; stamens exerted. Cultivated as an ornamental. Native to Madagascar. Alachua County (B95-142, M. Peacock). (Huxley 1992).
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., Crassulaceae, an air plant: Perennial to 2 m tall. Stems erect. Lower leaves simple, upper leaves pinnate with 3-5 leaflets; petiole 2-8 cm long; leaflets 4-20 mm long, and 3-12 mm wide, oblong, crenate, glabrous. Inflorescence paniculate, lax. Flowers pendent; sepals green tinged red, inflated; petals tinged red, sparsely glandular-hairy, tube to 4 cm long, lobes ovate, somewhat recurved; stamens exerted. Widespread throughout the tropics. Hillsborough County (B95-088, K. Macias). (Huxley 1992).
Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., Plumbaginaceae, statice: Perennial herb to 40 cm tall, densely pubescent. Leaves 3-10 cm long, and 1-3 cm wide, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or pinnatisect, sinuate. Flowering stem winged; inflorescence dense; spikelets compact; calyx showy, papery, white or pale violet; corolla tubular, small, white or pink, becoming purple, deciduous. Grown extensively commercially for cut flowers, and dry bouquets. Many cultivars have been developed, these having sepals in a wide range of colors. Native from the Mediterranean region to Asia Minor. Orange County (B95-123, C. Craft). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry, Bignoniaceae, cat's-claw vine: High-climbing woody vine to 15 m or more long, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves opposite, bifoliate; petioles 1-3 cm long; leaflets shortly petiolulate, broadly ovate to lanceolate, 3-7 cm long, margin entire; tendrils slender, deciduous, 3-forked with each fork bearing a small horny hook which resembles a cat's claw. Flowers solitary or few on peduncles in the leaf axils, the peduncles 1-3 cm long. Calyx 1-1.5 cm long, openly campanulate, reticulate-veined. Corolla funnelform, bright-yellow, with orange lines in its throat, 5-8 cm long, the somewhat unequal lobes 1.5-2 cm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous*, included. Capsule linear, usually 30-50 cm long, and 1.2-1.5 cm thick, dehiscent; seeds linear-oblong, membranous-winged at the ends, 2-3 cm long. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. Native to continental tropical America, now widespread. Clay County (B95-137, G. Langley). (Correll and Correll 1982).
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schlecht., Orchidaceae, lawn orchid: Terrestrial herb, erect, scapose, to 25 cm tall, greenish tinged with purple. The specific epithet is Greek for "company" or "army", in reference to a group of the plants appearing like company of soldiers. Roots short, fibrous. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, basally sheathing the stem, to 9 cm long, and 1 cm wide. Inflorescence terminal, erect, to 12 cm tall, many-flowered, to 30 resupinate flowers. Flowers white to greenish-white with a yellow labellum*. Dorsal sepal concave, ovate, obtuse, to 5 mm long, and 3 mm wide. Lateral sepals free, obliquely ovate to elliptic, to 5 mm long, and 2.5 mm wide. Petals oblong-lanceolate, oblique to falcate, obtuse, to 4.5 mm long, and 1.5 mm wide, connivent* with the dorsal sepal and forming a hood over column. Labellum fleshy, basally adnate to column, base concave-saccate*, the apex expanded into two suborbicular lobes, to 5 mm long, and 2 mm wide. Column short; anther erect. Naturalized in Florida and found in grassy areas along roadsides and in lawns. Its natural range from Afghanistan to south China, southeast Asia to Malay Peninsula. Lake County (B95-061, C. Murphy). (Correll and Correll 1982; Huxley 1992).
GLOSSARY: connivent: coming together, but tissues not connected; diadelphous: stamens which are united by their filaments into two sets (in legumes, the arrangement is usually 9+1); didynamous: having stamens arranged in two pairs of unequal length (2 short + 2 long); fasciculate: crowded into bundles, tufts, or clusters; labellum: upper or lower lip (in orchids, the posterior petal which appears to be anterior due to twisting of the flower during development); saccate: sac-shaped, pouched; strigillose: covered with tiny, sharp, straight, and stiff hairs which tend to lie flat.
REFERENCES
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Long, R. W. and O. Lakela 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables. 962 p.
- Morton, J. F. 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of middle America, Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield. 1,420 p.
- Standley, P. C. and J.A. Steyermark. 1949a (facsimile copy, 1976). Euphorbiaceae. Fieldiana 24 (VI): 31.
- Standley, P. C. and J.A. Steyermark. 1949b (facsimile copy, 1976). Leguminosae. Fieldiana 24 (V): 20-21.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D.
For the month of January, there were 701 samples consisting of 16,723+ specimens. In February, there were 633 samples consisting of 9,864 specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Azadirachta indica (neem tree)-- Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), diaprepes weevil: Feeding on leaves in Broward County nursery. The neem tree is noted for the insecticidal properties of its seeds (3 February 1995, B.L. Coy).
Chamaedorea cataractarum (cat palm)-- Metamasius hemipterus L., a palm weevil: Weevils heavily infested about 50 palms planted as a windbreak in a Broward County nursery (6 January 1995, K. Vanyo).
Ligustrum lucidum `Recurvifolium' (recurved-leaf wax privet)-- Morganella longispina (Morgan), plumose scale: All 175 plants inspected in a Broward County nursery were infested (16 February 1995, B.L. Coy).
Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm)-- Metamasius hemipterus, a palm weevil: Infested nearly 100 percent of 2,000 trees in 20 acres of a Dade County nursery (22 February 1995, L.D. Howerton).
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Epipremnum aureum (pothos)-- Psydrothrips luteolus Nakahara & Tsuda, a thrips: Heavily infested and damaged about 1,000 plants in an Orange County nursery (13 January 1995, B.J. Wilder).
Limonium sinuatum (statice)-- Plodia interpunctella (Herbst), Indian meal moth: This stored products pest inflicted heavy damage on dried statice from California in an Orange County florist shop (10 February 1995, C. Craft).
Liriope muscari `Evergreen Giant' (liriope, or turfgrass)-- Parlatoria proteus (Curtis), proteus scale: All 240 plants inspected in a Broward County nursery were infested (9 February 1995, D.C. Clinton).
Schefflera arboricola (dwarf schefflera)-- Asprothrips seminigricornis Girault, a thrips: Infested new growth in greenhouse at Orange County nursery. (12 January 1995, B.J. Wilder). NEW STATE RECORD.
Spathiphyllum sp. (peace lily)-- Psydrothrips luteolus, a thrips: Heavily infested and damaged about 5,000 plants in an Orange County nursery (12 January 1995, B.J. Wilder).
Syngonium podophyllum (nephthytis)-- Psydrothrips luteolus, a thrips: Heavily infested and damaged about 500 plants in an Orange County nursery (13 January 1995, B.J. Wilder).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Ixora sp. (ixora)-- Minutaleyrodes minutus (Singh), a scale: All 300 plants in a Broward County nursery were infested (16 February 1995, R.J. Carpenter).
CITRUS: Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, citrus blackfly; Parlatoria pergandii Comstock, chaff scale; Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), citrus whitefly: A multiple infestation on a single citrus tree in an Orange County nursery (10 February 1995, B.J. Wilder);
-- Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), purple scale; Parlatoria pergandii Comstock, chaff scale; Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus), Florida red scale; Unaspis citri (Comstock), citrus snow scale: Another example of multiple infestation on a single tree in a Pasco County grove (14 February 1995, W.J. Dowling).
Microcitrus australis (Australian round lime)-- Phyllocnistis sp. prob. citrella Stt., citrus leaf miner: Infested leaves of this host were collected in the Florida Citrus Arboretum in Lake County. (14 February 1995, C.O. Youtsey and N.C. Coile). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Digitaria pauciflora (few-flowered crabgrass)-- Antonina graminis (Maskell), Rhodesgrass mealybug: Infested about 100 percent of 100 plants inspected at a Dade County botanical gardens (22 December 1994 G.W. DeChirico).
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section | Back to Top |
NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Robert P. Esser, Ph.D.
A total of 2,488 samples were processed in January and February. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples: Other Samples:
Multistate Certification for National and
International Export. . . . . . . . 1,145
Plant Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
California Certification. . . . . . . 717 Out of State Survey, via Premovement . . .153
Florida Interceptions . . . . . . 28
Site or Pit Approval. . . . . . . . . 100
Intrastate Survey, Random . . . 133 Burrowing Nematode. . . . . . . . 130
Panicum maximum (Guinea grass)-- Criconema sp., a spine nematode; Criconemoides xenoplax Raski 1952, a ring nematode; Hemicriconemoides minutus Esser 1960, a sheathoid nematode; Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis Daday 1905, a lance nematode; Longidorus sp., a needle nematode; Meloidodera floridensis Chitwood, Hannon and Esser 1956, a pine cystoid nematode; Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey 1929) Filipjev, Schuurman and Stekhoven 1941, a lesion nematode; Trichodorus minor Colbran 1956, a stubby-root nematode; and Tylenchus sp. were detected for the first time in rhizosphere soil associated with this plant at Gainesville, Alachua County (30 November 1994, R. Esser, N94-01816).
Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass)-- Pratylenchus sp., a lesion nematode; Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan 1964, a dagger nematode; and Quinisulcius acti (Hopper 1959) Siddiqi 1971, a stunt nematode were found for the first time in rhizosphere soil associated with this plant at Gainesville, Alachua County (30 November 1994, R. Esser, N94-01834).
Nematode Certification (July-September 1994, Nematode Activity Quarterly Report, D. Phelps):
Total nematode samples collected: 1,595.
| Number | Acres | ||
| Total citrus nurseries certified free of regulated nematodes | 274 | 2,675 | |
| Total soil pits certified free of regulated nematodes | 191 | 5,313 | |
| Total non-citrus nematode certified nurseries | 590 | 6,960 |
Soil pits approved - 7
Soil pits removed from certification - 27
Citrus nursery sites approved - 1
Citrus nursery sites removed from certification - 22
Non-citrus nurseries certified - 23
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING JANUARY AND FEBRUARY 1995:
Albiñana, A. 168 Kelly, W. 48
Bennett, J. 5 Nelson, C. 75
Echols, J. 41 Robbins, C. 11
Fuller, S. 98 Robinson, R. 246
Felty, J. 41 Salisbury, T. 285
Gillis, H. 34 Smith, W. 143
Harris, J. 65 Talleyrand, H. 7
Johnson, C. 19
PLANT PATHOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph. D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 998 specimens. These included 957 pathology, 26 miscellaneous, and 15 soil samples. Some of the samples processed are described below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Ardisia crenata (coral berry or coral ardisia)-- Pythium splendens Hans Braun, a root rot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County, (27 January 1995, B.J. Wilder, P95-0483).
X Cupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland cypress)-- Mycoleptodiscus indicus (Sahni) Sutton, a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Port Orange, Volusia County, (12 January 1995, T.L. Wright, P95-0190). NEW HOST RECORD.
Senna sp. (senna)-- Sphaeropsis tumefaciens Hedges, a stem gall: Collected at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County, (12 January 1995, Y.I. Inguanzo, P95-0277). NEW HOST RECORD.
Serenoa repens (saw palmetto, a native species)-- Phytophthora sp., a root rot: Collected at a nursery in Brooksville, Hernando County, (11 January 1995, R.W. Dudley, P95-0225). NEW HOST RECORD.
Trachycarpus (a palm)-- Pseudocercospora sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Orlando, Orange County, (10 January 1995, C.L. Craft, P95-0160). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Ajuga reptans (ajuga)-- Ramularia sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (26 January 1995, Randall, P95-0400). NEW HOST RECORD.
Calathea spp. (mixed sample)-- Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Van Hall, a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Zellwood, Orange County, (30 January 1995, R.H. Lemstrom and L.J. Wilber, P95-0537). NEW HOST RECORD.
Dracaena sanderiana (Belgian evergreen)-- Thielaviopsis sp., a basal rot: Collected at a nursery in Plymouth, Orange County, (08 February 1995, L.J. Wilber and R.H. Lemstrom, P95-0632). NEW HOST RECORD.
Homalomena sp. (homalomena)-- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Goulds, Dade County (31 January 1995, H. Talleyrand, P95-0516). NEW HOST RECORD.
Sansevieria trifasciata (snake plant or mother-in-law's tongue)-- Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield, and Alfenas, a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Sorrento, Lake County, (17 February 1995, C.M. Murphy, P95-0924). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Delphinium sp. (a delphinium)-- Xanthomonas sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Live Oak, Suwannee County, (02 February 1995, J.R. Wigelsworth and M.J. Echols, P95-0510). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD CROPS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potatoes)-- Pithomyces sp., a saprophyte: Collected at a dooryard in Lauraville, Suwannee County, (30 January 1995, M.J. Echols and J.R. Wigelsworth, P95-0606). NEW HOST RECORD.
Petroselium crispum var. neapolitanum (Italian parsley)-- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, southern blight: Collected at a nursery in Tampa, Hillsborough County, (06 February 1995, A.N. Capitano and C.L. Craft, P95-0620). NEW HOST RECORD.
Rubus sp. (raspberry)-- Monochaeta sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County, (10 January 1995, L.J. Wilber, P95-0146).
Zea mays (corn)-- Septoria sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County, (17 February 1995, C.L. Lichkai, P95-0797). NEW HOST RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Mucuna pruriens (cow-itch plant)-- Elsinoe sp. and Phomopsis sp., a scab: Collected at a nursery in LaBelle, Hendry County, (01 February 1995, W.L. Casady, P95-0522). NEW HOST RECORD.
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED PLANTS: Achillea sp. (a yarrow)-- Ascochyta sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (03 February 1995, G. Johnson, P95-0568). NEW HOST RECORD.
Cissus verticillata (formerly C. sicyoides; possum-grape)-- Pseudocercospora sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in LaBelle, Hendry County, (05 January 1995, W.L. Casady, P85-0122). NEW HOST RECORD.
